Hamwe noguhindura no gushyiraho urwego rwogutanga amasoko yibiyobyabwenge hamwe nibikoreshwa mubuvuzi, amasoko yigihugu hamwe n’ibanze yo kugura ibikomoka ku buvuzi byakomeje gushakishwa no gutezwa imbere, amategeko agenga amasoko yibanze yarashyizwe mu bikorwa, urwego rw’amasoko rwagutse rwaraguwe, kandi igiciro cyibicuruzwa cyaragabanutse cyane. Muri icyo gihe, inganda zitanga ubuvuzi n’ibidukikije nazo ziratera imbere.
Tuzakora cyane kugirango dusanzwe ducukura amabuye y'agaciro
Muri Kamena 2021, Ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ubwishingizi bw’ubuvuzi n’andi mashami umunani bafatanije gutanga Amabwiriza ajyanye no gutanga amasoko no gukoresha ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi bifite agaciro kanini byateguwe na Leta. Kuva icyo gihe, hashyizweho urutonde rwinyandiko zishyigikira kandi rusohoka, rushyira ahagaragara amahame mashya nubuyobozi bushya bwo kugura amasoko hagati y’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi bifite agaciro kanini.
Mu Kwakira muri uwo mwaka, Itsinda riyobora mu kunoza ivugurura rya gahunda y’ubuvuzi n’ubuzima ry’Inama y’igihugu yasohoye Igitekerezo cyo Gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kunoza ivugurura ry’ubuvuzi n’ubuzima mu kumenyekanisha byimazeyo uburambe bw’Umujyi wa Sanming mu Ntara ya Fujian, ryagaragaje ko intara zose n’ubufatanye hagati y’intara byashishikarijwe gukora cyangwa kugira uruhare mu itangwa ry’imiti n’ibiyobyabwenge byibuze rimwe mu mwaka.
Muri Mutarama uyu mwaka, Inama Nyobozi y’Inama y’igihugu yemeje ko hasanzwe kandi hashyirwaho uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko hagati y’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi bifite agaciro kanini kugira ngo bikomeze kugabanya ibiciro bya farumasi no kwihutisha kwaguka. Inzego z’ibanze zirashishikarizwa gutanga amasoko y’ubufatanye bw’intara cyangwa hagati y’intara, kandi bagakora amasoko rusange y’ibikoresho bikoresha amagufwa, imipira y’ibiyobyabwenge, imiti y’amenyo n’ibindi bicuruzwa bireba rubanda ku rwego rw’igihugu n’intara. Nyuma yaho, hasobanuwe ibisobanuro bya politiki y’inama y’inama y’igihugu kuri ubu buryo. Muri iyi nama, Chen Jinfu, umuyobozi wungirije w’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubwishingizi bw’ubuvuzi, yavuze ko mu mpera za 2022, amoko arenga 350 y’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibikoresho birenga 5 by’agaciro gakomeye by’ubuvuzi bizaba byuzuye muri buri ntara (akarere n’umujyi) binyuze amashyirahamwe y'igihugu hamwe n’ubufatanye bwintara.
Muri Nzeri 2021, hazashyirwa ahagaragara icyiciro cya kabiri cy’ibikorwa byateguwe na leta byo gukusanya ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi bifite agaciro kanini. Dukurikije ihame ry "ibicuruzwa bimwe, politiki imwe", iri soko rusange ryakoze ubushakashatsi bushya muburyo bwo gutanga raporo, umubare w’amasoko, amategeko yo gutoranya, amategeko y’ibiro, serivisi ziherekeza n’ibindi. Nk’uko Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ubwishingizi bw'ubuvuzi kibitangaza, ibigo 48 byose byitabiriye iki cyiciro, muri byo 44 byatoranijwe n'ingo, aho batsinze ku gipimo cya 92 ku ijana naho impuzandengo yagabanutseho 82%.
Muri icyo gihe, abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze na bo barimo gukora cyane umurimo w'icyitegererezo. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, kuva muri Mutarama 2021 kugeza ku ya 28 Gashyantare uyu mwaka, mu gihugu hose hashyizweho imishinga 389 yo gutanga amasoko y’ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu buvuzi (harimo na reagent), harimo imishinga 4 y’igihugu, imishinga y’intara 231, imishinga y’amakomine 145 n’indi mishinga 9. Imishinga mishya 113 (irimo ibikoreshwa mubuvuzi imishinga 88 idasanzwe, reagents imishinga 7 idasanzwe, ibikoreshwa mubuvuzi + reagents imishinga 18 idasanzwe), harimo imishinga 3 yigihugu, imishinga 67 yintara, imishinga 38 yamakomine, indi mishinga 5.
Birashobora kugaragara ko 2021 atari umwaka wo kunoza politiki no gushyiraho uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko hagati y’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi, ahubwo ni umwaka wo gushyira mu bikorwa politiki na sisitemu bijyanye.
Ubwoko bwubwoko bwarushijeho kwagurwa
Mu 2021, ibindi 24 bikoreshwa mu buvuzi byakusanyirijwe hamwe, harimo 18 byo mu rwego rwo hejuru by’ubuvuzi n’ibikoresho 6 by’ubuvuzi bifite agaciro. Urebye icyegeranyo cyigihugu cyubwoko butandukanye, coronary stent, gufatanya ibihimbano nibindi byageze mugihugu hose; Ukurikije ubwoko bwintara, ballon dilatation ballon, iOL, pacemaker yumutima, stapler, insinga ziyobora coronary, urushinge rutuye, umutwe wicyuma cya ultrasonic nibindi byakwirakwije intara nyinshi.
Mu 2021, intara zimwe na zimwe, nka Anhui na Henan, zakoze ubushakashatsi ku masoko yo hagati y’ibizamini byo kwa muganga ku bwinshi. Shandong na Jiangxi bashyizemo reagent zo kwipimisha murwego rwurusobe. Twabibutsa ko intara ya Anhui yahisemo reagent ya chemiluminescence, igice kinini cyisoko mubijyanye na immunodiagnose, kugirango itange amasoko yibanze hamwe nibicuruzwa 145 byose mubyiciro 23 byibyiciro 5. Muri byo, hatoranijwe ibicuruzwa 88 by’inganda 13, naho impuzandengo y’ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano yagabanutseho 47.02%. Byongeye kandi, Guangdong hamwe n’izindi ntara 11 zakoze amasoko y’ubufatanye bw’ibitabo bya Coronavirus (2019-NCOV). Muri byo, impuzandengo y'ibiciro bya acide nucleic reagents, reagent ya acide nucleic yihuta, reagent ya IgM / IgG, reagent zose zo kurwanya anti-detection hamwe na reagent antigen zagabanutseho hafi 37%, 34.8%, 41%, 29% na 44 %. Kuva icyo gihe, intara zirenga 10 zatangiye guhuza ibiciro.
Twibuke ko nubwo amasoko yo hagati y’ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu buvuzi na reagent bikorwa kenshi mu ntara zitandukanye, umubare w’amoko abigiramo uruhare uracyahagije ugereranije n’ubuvuzi bukenewe. Dukurikije ibisabwa muri “Gahunda y’imyaka cumi nine n'itanu y’umutekano w’ubuvuzi ku isi” yatanzwe n’ibiro bikuru by’Inama y’igihugu, ibikoreshwa mu buvuzi bifite agaciro gakomeye mu rwego rw’igihugu ndetse n’intara bigomba kongerwa mu gihe kiri imbere.
Amasoko ya Alliance agenda atandukana
Mu 2021, ihuriro ry’intara rizatanga imishinga 18 yo gutanga amasoko, ikubiyemo intara 31 (uturere twigenga n’amakomine) hamwe n’inganda n’ubwubatsi by’Ubushinwa. Muri bo, ihuriro rinini rya beijing-Tianjin-Hebei “3 + N” (rifite umubare munini w’abanyamuryango, 23), intara 13 ziyobowe n’akarere kigenga ka Mongoliya, intara 12 ziyobowe n’intara za Henan na Jiangsu, intara 9 ziyobowe na Jiangxi Intara; Hiyongeyeho, hariho kandi Ihuriro rya Chongqing-Guiyun-Henan, Ihuriro rya Shandong jin-Hebei-Henan, Ihuriro rya Chongqing-Guiqiong, Ihuriro rya Zhejiang-Hubei hamwe n’Uruzi rwa Delta rwa Yangtze.
Urebye ko intara zigira uruhare mu bufatanye hagati y’intara, intara ya Guizhou izitabira umubare munini w’ubufatanye mu 2021, kugeza ku 9. Intara ya Shanxi na Chongqing yakurikiranye hafi n’amashyirahamwe 8 yitabiriye. Intara yigenga ya Ningxia Hui nintara ya Henan byombi bifite 7.
Byongeye kandi, ihuriro ry’imikoranire naryo ryateye intambwe nziza. Mu 2021, hazaba imishinga 18 yo gutanga amasoko hagati y’imijyi, cyane cyane muri Jiangsu, Shanxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Henan, Liaoning no mu zindi ntara. Ikigaragara ni uko uburyo bw’ubufatanye bw’intara n’umujyi bwagaragaye bwa mbere: Mu Gushyingo 2021, Umujyi wa Huangshan wo mu Ntara ya Anhui winjiye mu bufatanye bw’uturere 16 tuyobowe n’Intara ya Guangdong kugira ngo tugure hagati y’umutwe wa ultrasonic.
Turashobora guhanura ko, bitewe na politiki, ubumwe bwibanze buzagira uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga amasoko kandi amoko menshi azashakishwa mumwaka wa 2022, ibyo bikaba byanze bikunze kandi byingenzi.
Ubucukuzi busanzwe bushobora guhindura ibidukikije byinganda
Kugeza ubu, amasoko yibanze y’ibikoreshwa mu buvuzi agenda yinjira mu gihe gikomeye: igihugu gitegura amasoko yo hagati y’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi bifite agaciro kanini hamwe n’amavuriro manini kandi ahenze cyane; Ku rwego rw'intara, bimwe mu bikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru kandi biri hasi bigomba kugurwa cyane. Amasoko yo ku rwego rwa perefegitura agenewe cyane cyane amoko atari imishinga yo gutanga amasoko rusange hamwe nintara. Amashyaka atatu afite inshingano zayo kandi akora amasoko akomeye yibikoresho byubuvuzi biva mu nzego zitandukanye. Umwanditsi yizera ko guteza imbere byimbitse ibikoreshwa mu buvuzi bitanga amasoko menshi mu Bushinwa bizateza imbere iterambere ry’ibidukikije by’inganda, kandi bizagira iterambere rikurikira.
Icya mbere, nk'intego nyamukuru yo kuvugurura gahunda y’ubuvuzi mu Bushinwa muri iki gihe iracyari ukugabanya ibiciro no kugenzura ibiciro, amasoko yo hagati yabaye intangiriro n’intambwe. Isano iri hagati yumubare nigiciro hamwe no kwinjiza abakozi no kugura bizaba ibintu nyamukuru biranga ibikoreshwa mubuvuzi bitanga amasoko menshi, kandi gukwirakwiza urwego rwakarere hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bizakomeza kwagurwa.
Icya kabiri, amasoko yubufatanye yabaye icyerekezo cyo gushyigikira politiki kandi hashyizweho uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko yubufatanye bwigihugu. Ingano yo guhuza intara ihuza intara hamwe izakomeza kwaguka no kwibanda buhoro buhoro, kandi izatera imbere igana ku bipimo ngenderwaho. Byongeye kandi, nk'inyongera y'ingenzi mu buryo bwo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro hagati y’imijyi nabwo buzatezwa imbere bihamye.
Icya gatatu, ibikoreshwa mu buvuzi bizakusanywa no gutondekanya, icyiciro no gushyira mu byiciro, kandi hazashyirwaho amategeko arambuye yo gusuzuma. Kugera kumurongo bizaba uburyo bwingenzi bwinyongera bwamasoko rusange, kugirango ubwoko bwinshi bwibikoresho byubuvuzi bushobora kugurwa binyuze kumurongo.
Icya kane, amategeko yo kugura hamwe azahora atezimbere kugirango ategure isoko, urwego rwibiciro nibisabwa kwa muganga. Shimangira imikoreshereze ikoreshwa, garagaza ihitamo ry’amavuriro, wubahe isoko, wongere uruhare rw’ibigo n’ibigo by’ubuvuzi, urebe neza ibicuruzwa n’ibicuruzwa, guherekeza ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa.
Icya gatanu, guhitamo ibiciro bike no guhuza ibiciro bizahinduka icyerekezo cyingenzi cyo gukusanya ibikoresho byubuvuzi. Ibi bizafasha gutunganya ibidukikije bikoreshwa mu buvuzi, kwihutisha gusimbuza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bikoreshwa mu gihugu, kunoza imiterere y’isoko ry’imigabane, no gushishikariza iterambere ry’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi by’imbere mu gihugu mu rwego rw’ubukungu bw’ubuzima.
Icya gatandatu, ibisubizo byo gusuzuma inguzanyo bizahinduka igipimo cyingenzi kubigo bikoresha imiti byitabira gutanga amasoko hamwe nibigo byubuvuzi guhitamo ibicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, sisitemu yo kwiyemeza, sisitemu yo gutanga raporo kubushake, sisitemu yo kugenzura amakuru, sisitemu yo guhana ibyiciro, gahunda yo gusana inguzanyo izakomeza gushiraho no kunoza.
Icya karindwi, kugura hamwe ibikoresho byubuvuzi bizakomeza gutezwa imbere mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda y’ikirenga y’amafaranga y’ubwishingizi bw’ubuvuzi, guhindura urutonde rw’ubwishingizi bw’ubuvuzi bw’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi, kuvugurura uburyo bwo kwishyura ubwishingizi bw’ubuvuzi, na kuvugurura ibiciro bya serivisi z'ubuvuzi. Byizerwa ko muguhuza, gukumira no gutwara politiki, ishyaka ryibigo byubuvuzi kugira uruhare mu kugura hamwe bizakomeza gutera imbere, kandi imyitwarire yabo yo kugura nayo izahinduka.
Icya munani, kugura cyane ibikoreshwa mu buvuzi bizateza imbere iyubakwa ry’inganda, byongere cyane ingufu mu nganda, birusheho kunoza ibidukikije by’ubucuruzi, no gushyiraho amategeko agurisha.
(Inkomoko: Urusobe rw'ubuvuzi)
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-11-2022